H.G. Wells His Life and Work

Herbert George Wells, more commonly known as H.G. Wells (September 21, 1866-August 13, 1946), was a prolific English author of fiction and non-fiction. Wells is best-remembered, however, for his famous science fiction novels and uncanny predictions about the future. Fast Facts: H.G. Wells Full Name:  Herbert George WellsOccupation:  WriterBorn:  September 21, 1866, Bromley, EnglandDied:  August 13, 1946, London, England  Spouse(s): Isabel Mary Wells (1891-1894); Amy Catherine Robbins (1895-1927)Children: G.P. Wells, Frank Wells, Anna-Jane Wells, Anthony WestPublished Works:  The Time Machine, The Island of Doctor Moreau, The Wheels of Chance, The Invisible Man, The War of the WorldsKey Accomplishments:  Pioneered the science fiction genre and wrote more than 100 books during his 60-plus year career.   Early Years H.G. Wells was born on September 21, 1866, in Bromley, England. His parents, Joseph Wells and Sarah Neal, worked as domestic servants before using a small inheritance to purchase a hardware store. Known as Bertie to his family, Wells had three older siblings. The family lived in poverty for many years as the store provided a limited income due to poor location and inferior merchandise. At the age of 7, after Wells suffered an accident that left him bedridden, he became a voracious reader of everything from Charles Dickens to Washington Irving. When the family store finally went under, his mother went to work as a housekeeper at a large estate. It was there Wells was able to expand his literary horizons with authors such as Voltaire.  Ã‚   At the age of 18, Wells received a scholarship to the Normal School of Science, where he studied biology. He later attended London University. After graduating in 1888, Wells became a science teacher. His first book, the Textbook of Biology, was published in 1893. Personal Life Wells married his cousin, Isabel Mary Wells, in 1891, but left her in 1894 for a former student, Amy Catherine Robbins. The couple married in 1895. Wells first fiction novel, The Time Machine, was published the same year. The book brought Wells instant fame, inspiring him to embark on a serious career as a writer. Famous Works Wells long- and short-form fiction falls into many genres, including science-fiction, fantasy, dystopian fiction, satire, and tragedy. Wells penned plenty of non-fiction, including biographies, autobiographies, social commentaries, and textbooks as well as social commentary, history, biography, autobiography, and recreational war games. Wells 1895 debut, The Time Machine, was followed by The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), and The War of the Worlds (1898). All four novels have been adapted for film, however, one of the most famous renditions of a Wells work was by Orson Welles, whose radio adaptation of The War of the Worlds was broadcast on October 30, 1938. The reports that many listeners, not realizing what they were hearing was a radio play rather than a news broadcast and were so terrorized at the prospect of an alien invasion that they fled their homes in fear has since been debunked. However, the panic story was accepted for years and became one of the most enduring urban legends ever perpetrated in the name of a publicity campaign. Death H.G. Wells died on August 13, 1946, at the age of 79 of unspecified causes (his death has been attributed to a heart attack or a liver tumor). Wells ashes were scattered at sea in Southern England near a series of three chalk formations known as  Old Harry Rocks. Impact and Legacy H.G. Wells liked  to say that he wrote scientific romances. Today, we refer to this style of writing as  science fiction. Wells influence on this genre is so significant that he, along with French author Jules Verne, share the title of the father of science fiction. Wells was among the first to write about such things as time machines and  alien invasions. His most famous works have never been out of print, and their influence is still apparent in modern books, films, and television shows. Wells also made a number of social and scientific predictions in his writing—including airplane and  space travel, the  atomic bomb,  and even the automatic door—that have since come to pass. These prophetic imaginings are part of Wells legacy and one of the things he is most famous for. Quotes H.G. Wells often commented on art, people, government, and social issues. Here are some characteristic examples: I found that, taking almost anything as a starting point and letting my thoughts play about with it, there would presently come out of the darkness, in a manner quite inexplicable, some absurd or vivid little nucleus. Humanity  either makes, or breeds, or tolerates all its afflictions, great or small. If you fell down yesterday, stand up today. Sources â€Å"Bibliography.†Ã‚  The H.G. Wells Society, 12 Mar. 2015, hgwellssociety.com/bibliography/.Da Silva, Matheus. â€Å"The Legacy of H. G. Wells in Society and Science Fiction.†Ã‚  Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, pages.erau.edu/~andrewsa/sci_fi_projects_spring_2017/Project_1/Da_Silva_Matt/Project_1/Project_1.html.â€Å"H.G. Wells.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 28 Apr. 2017, www.biography.com/people/hg-wells-39224.James, Simon John. â€Å"HG Wells: A visionary who should be remembered for his social predictions, not just his scientific ones.†Ã‚  The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 22 Sept. 2016, www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/hg-wells-a-visionary-who-should-be-remembered-for-his-social-predictions-not-just-his-scientific-a7320486.html.Nicholson, Norman Cornthwaite. â€Å"H.G. Wells.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, inc., 15 Nov. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/H-G-Wells.â₠¬Å"The Man Who Invented Tomorrow From The Science of Science-Fiction Writing, by James Gunn.†Ã‚  University of Kansas Gunn Center for the Study of Science Fiction, www.sfcenter.ku.edu/tomorrow.htm.

First Impressions Are Not Last Impressions - 1608 Words

First Impressions are Not Lasting Impressions When you see a person in a wheelchair, a person with no legs, or a person with physical abnormalities what is you reaction? Do you stare with curiosity? Do you pretend to be indifferent and walk by like there is no person there at all? Are you disgusted or stricken with pity? Or do you see them as a person, just like you, living their life the best they know how? Our perception of people are largely based on their physical appearance and often the thoughts that enter our minds when we see an individual that has a visual disability are negative and cause us to formulate a disapproving impression about their person as a whole. The question lies in what happens with the initial impression.†¦show more content†¦Or if a person is missing a limb, in our minds they are an incomplete person. We may think that they dont have the same things to offer society that a person with that has all four limbs intact has. In the same light, if an individual were to be unable to speak a word or sentence with fluidity due to some dysfunctional neurological function, we assume that they are somehow stupid and they dont have the capacity to formulate a meaningful and intelligent thought, when in reality they may intellectually far surpass the average person. Due to this initial perception that is drawn, a broader conclusion is made about the person as an entire entity that mirrors that initial perception. In essence, a halo effect occurs and the persons positive or negative traits seem to spill over from one area of their personality to another in others perceptions of them. Bodily appearance assumes a major role because the visible appearance of an individual, not the invisible personality, constitutes the main basis of identification. (Chapter 4, Pg 61) But if these initial conclusions remain throughout the relationship, then how might a relationship between two people flourish into greater intimacy, similar to that of the relationships between the woman with cerebral palsy and the man at the party in Skin Horse? They answer is that they dont; the initial perceptions of people do not remain once one has gotten to know the person better.Show MoreRelatedAn Reflection On The Impression Formation1723 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Impression is a long lasting image of a person created in our minds which can last long for years. There are a lot of research done by Solomon Asch (1946), Bruner Taiguri (1954), Rosenberg, Nelson Vivekanathan (1968) to understand Impression Formation. According to Solomon Asch (1946) at a glance of any person an impression of his personality can instantly form. Even by looking or talking with that person a whole story about his entire character can be told. 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In your social li fe, first impressionsRead MoreWhat is Impression Formation1321 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Impression formation is an idea formed without consciousness based on little evidence to evaluate a judgement. The process of forming impression is determined through verbal communication, non-verbal communication and paralinguistic cues. Verbal communication is the content of what a person says. Non-verbal communication is the way we present ourselves without using spoken language while paralanguage is the way we talk other than spoken words. This research conducted was experimentalRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a second title to the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. Jane Austen did not initially call the book title Pride and Prejudice but rather called it First Impressions. 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At the same time, the prosperously developing travel sector across the world manifests the huge market potential of the hotel sector (Milne, S., Ateljevic, I. (2001)). Lobby is the key department that gives the first impression and the last impression to customers and it represents the image of the whole hotel. The service includes the Protocol Department, the reception, the switchboard and the business center. The main functions are ordering, check-in, service in the hotel, check-out

The Development of Arabic Scripts Free Essays

string(112) " by Justinian in 529 as patricius and phylarch with supreme authority over all the Arabs in the northern Syria\." 1. Pre – Islamic Era Arabic script is probably one of the oldest in the world, having been widely spread across cultures as this was the language used to spread Islam in major territories. Its influence can be seen in various languages which adopted Arabic script to develop their own way of recording, like Persian, Pashto, Urdu and more. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Arabic Scripts or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Arab scripts have evolved with major historical events of these nations (AncientScripts. com). Various accounts of the history of Arabia, the ‘island of the Arabs’, give the impression that Arabic scripts started to take form at the height of Islamization or during the time of Prophet Mohammed. It is said to have originated from the fourth century, CE but there is evidence – an ancient document – that shows Arabic script was already a medium for recording even as early as 512 CE. Long before the Prophet Mohammed was born (some authors say even 700 years before Mohammed), the Arabs already had established a form of written language which originally was used by the Nabateans who once inhabited a territory which is now the kingdom of Jordan. This was called the Nabatean script, which evolved from the Aramaic language. The Nabataean script was an off – shoot of the Aramaic alphabet which developed in the first century CE on the Sinai Peninsula and in North Arabia. It differs conspicuously from other Aramaic varieties by making extensive use of ligatures. Stone inscriptions in the Nabataean script are found from Petra, the capital of the Nabataean Kingdon (c. 150 CE to 100 CE), to Damascus and Medina. The script is not attested in manuscripts, although its cursive character with letters frequently joined together indicates common use. The language of the inscriptions is Nabataean, a close cognate of Aramaic – other authors claim it s Aramaic and that the Nabataeans had dual language styles for communication: written in Aramaic, verbal in Arabic. Spread over a wide area, the script exhibits considerable variation with highly diverse letter shapes. Its significance for the history of writing lies in its being the immediate forebear of the Arabic script. Certain features of the Arabic character, such as the existence of separate final forms for certain letters, are already foreshadowed in Nabataean writing. Its transformation into the Arabic script took place in the fourth and fifth centuries CE (Calmous 350). In the North of the Syrian Desert, the Arabs were involved in world politics very much earlier. Even under the Assyrian king Tiglath – Pileser III (745 – 728BC), there was an Arabi kingdom there with its capital in the Jawf, which was ruled by queens and remained one of the vassal states of Assyria until the time of Essarhaddon (689 – 669 BC). The Babylonian King Nabunaid (556 – 539 BC) had his residence for some time in the oasis of Tayma, which was the base of his expeditions against the west. An Aramaic inscription from the Persian era found there indicates the organization of the city cult, with its priests and temple gods. Then as early as the period of the last Achaemenians, the Nabataean state sprang up (in a territory of modern day Jordan). This state controlled the caravan trade from South Africa to Medina and remained significantly independent since Alexander the Great’s plan of conquering Arabia by sea from east and west simultaneously was not resumed by his successors. At first, Petra’s commerce was drawn to Bostra, where caravans then proceeded to Chalcis, below Lebanon and Emesa, Edessa, and Hatra toward the north and east. The Nabataeans adopted the titles of their officials and military leaders from neighboring Hellenistic states. The Nabataean capital was Petra, a mountain fortress lying about halfway between the Dead Sea and the tip of the Arabian gulf (Brockelman 6). Numerous inscriptions and ruins found in the rock – cut tombs bear witness to the flourishing civilization of the Nabataeans but in these inscriptions, Aramaic was used for it was then the official language dating as far back as the time of the Achaemenians. There are also accounts of other historians that Arabic was the spoken language of the Nabataeans but they write using Aramaic. Initially, they were considered by the Romans as allies until the time of Trajan but due to doubts over their ambiguity during the Jewish insurrection under Titus, the Nabataean Kingdom was absorbed as Provincia Arabia in 106 BC. The civilized areas – or the major cities where trades occur – were marked off from the deset by a chain of fortifications which were far from being strong as the Limes on the Rhine and on the Danube frontier (Brockelman 6). But in another Arab state, Palmyra, the Nabataeans found a more fortunate heir. In the wars between Rome and the Parthians, Palmyra was prudently neutral and by the time of Augustus, was able to extend its trade connections to Rome, Dacia, Gaul and Spain. The Severian Dynasty, also half – Semitic, showed favor on Palmyra. From 260 onwards King Odenat extended his rule over the entire Syria and was even acknowledged by the weak Roman Emperor, Gallienus, as co – emperor for the Orient. After his death in 268, his wife Zenobia maintained his power for a time but Aurelianus destroyed Palmyra in 273. This tragedy would be retold through generations even until the first centuries of Islam. (Brockelmann 7). Palmyra represented the last stance of Arab independence pre – Islam and its fall marked a loss of Arab independence. No other Arab state in the north remained free after this and they were used as vassals by the Romans and Byzantines to ward off incursions of the nomads (Bedouins, or Arabs) into the settled regions. This is probably why the Nabataeans retained their scripts even under Roman rule – because they continued with their trades and were also vassals to ward off their own kind from coming into major cities of commerce (Brockelmann 7). In the 6th century, however, the Ghassanid dynasty ruled at Damascus, east of the Jordan. He was designated by Justinian in 529 as patricius and phylarch with supreme authority over all the Arabs in the northern Syria. You read "The Development of Arabic Scripts" in category "Papers" But this power again dissolved into fragmentary principalities after his death and when they won over the Persians, the Roman Emperor let their officials rule until a Muslim onslaught brought another Ghassanid ruler of the Syrian Arabs (Brockelmann 8). Before and during these periods, the Arabs had been exposed to Christianity (Yah-weh / Judaism) at one time or another. First, from the Roman Empire Christianity exercising great power over them, down to the Lakhmid Dynasty in Hirah who once served the Persians and had finally gone to the Christian faith of their urban subjects, even the Bedouins in the north were in intimate contact with the indigenous Aramean population, who had long since been swallowed up by Christianity. Inner Arabia also due to their trading cities of the Hijaz must have also been permeated by a knowledge of Christian teachings and customs, however superficial, as a result of the steady traffic with related tribes in the north. The anchorites, whose cells must have spread from Palestine and Sinai Peninsula far into the desert, no doubt also made a great many contributions. In addition, the desert was an asylum from some sects persecuted by the established church, and precisely these may have spread their doctrines with more success than the Orthodox Church. During these times, however, the Aramaic language still remained the official and principal administrative language. Thus, most of the inscriptions on the Petra were in Aramaic but there have been evidence showing that the Nabataeans before used their own language for their local transactions and in oral exchange, but retained Aramaic for recording due to its value in trading with other countries. Other authors propose that some Arab nations or states were actually oral groups; meaning, they hand down their stories by telling and re – telling it and still could keep it fresh in their memories but there are also groups who were visual, or those which could not keep a mental record of events thus, keep records in tablet form. Nomads, for instance, or Bedouins, often recite poetry in their gatherings inside their tents wherever they are in the dessert. But those engaged in trades, in the major cities, often would chose to write to keep a record of their transactions. Many believe that the ancient Arabs’ exposure to Christians / those practicing Judaism probably justifies the influence or traces of Sumerian, Greek, Akkadian or Aramaic system to an otherwise Semitic heritage in the Arabic scripts or written as well as spoken languages. But others argue that though there appear some points for seeming similarities, these actually represent the observed or practiced systems used by different countries at the time. While some authors attribute the variations to assimilation, others believe the language and therefore, the scripts, evolved following events in Arab history. But in the case of the Nabataeans from the former territory now called Jordan, they were able to keep both, Arab language and Aramaic scripts. This is perhaps because all Arabs, including the Nabataeans who were under Roman rule for many years, were used as vassals against their own Arab brothers. Thus they kept their language to communicate with each other, and for trading purposes, maintained Aramaic. The duality could perhaps be due to the fact that two somewhat differing entities formed their society then: the urban people and the nomads (whom they had to ward off from the center of civilization, as was their task as vassals for the Roman Empire). The former relied so much on writing for keeping records, while the latter, used word of mouth to communicate information, even recite poetry. Other authors though, believe that the Aramaic inscriptions on the Petra were in fact the written or Arabic script at the time. Prior to Mohammed’s birth, some Arabs were Christians, others primitive in their exercise of faith, as was their political life. Like they believed that their surroundings had forces superior to those of man. These forces were believed to be like the human soul but with dangerous powers that could turn them into demons. They, Semites, regarded trees, stones, caves, springs and large stones are inhabited by spirits. The Black Stone of Islam in a corner of the KaBah, Mecca, in Petra and other places in Arabia stones were venerated also. Every tribe has its own god but also recognized the power of other tribal gods in their own sphere. Individual clans sometimes named themselves after other gods than those of the tribe, and the same divinity was worshipped by various tribes. The gods had fixed abodes, after the tribe has departed, they enjoyed the worship of its successors; the tribes returned once or twice a year to worship (Brockelmann 9). Contrary to claims of the Jews and Christians, the Arabs already did believe in a God, creator of the world, in addition to the gods and goddesses – even before the birth of Islam. 2. The Prophet Mohammed The Prophet Mohammed, ergo, the birth of Islam has also brought about changes in the Arabic scripts. He has touched a cord in Arab history and left an influence that would govern every aspect of Arabian nations long after he had gone. The Arab ruling group began to identify its new order with a revelation by God to Mohammed, then a citizen of Mecca, in the form of a Holy Book, the Qur’an. This was a revelation which completed those given to earlier prophets or messengers of God and created a new religion, Islam, distinct and separate from Judaism and Christianity (Hourani 15). The most obscure part of his life was the early one. It is said he was born in Mecca, a town in Western Arabia, near or in the year 570. His family belonged to the tribe of Quraysh, although not to its powerful part. This tribe was composed of traders who had contacts with the pastoral tribes around Mecca, relations with Syria and south – western Arabia. He worked for – and later married – a widow and managed her business for her. One day he received a message from an ‘angel, seen in the form of a man on the horizon’ who called him to become a messenger of God. Affirmed by his wife, he them began relaying messages which he believed were revealed to him by an angel of God: that the world would end, that God would judge all men and the pains of Hell and delights of Heaven were vividly described. Gradually he had a following, including young members of the influential families of their tribe, Quraysh, members of minor families and clients of other tribes who had placed themselves under the protection of Quraysh, and some craftsmen and slaves. As his teachings developed, its difference from the teachings of the time became apparent and placed him more explicitly in the line of prophets of the Jews and Christian tradition (Hourani 1991). Mohammed demanded of his followers’ profession of belief in the One God and the surrender to God’s will, islam, after which his religion took its name. Probably very early he also levied a poor – tax for the maintenance of needgy members of the community but it was only later in Medina that it assumed greater significance. The chief duty of the faithful, by virtue of which they professed membership in the community, was praying at first twice, then three times, and only later five times a day. Mohammed’s teachings were not accepted by some of the Arabs, in fact, he and his followers were locked up in a ravine. When his wife and uncle died, he had to move to Mecca after his brother, a strong opponent of his religion, took his uncle’s place. But he was not accepted there as well and driven away by stoning that he never returned to the place until he received assurance from a relative that he will be protected. Within his lifetime, Mohammed started his mission of religious and political unification of Arabia. He abolished the foothold of paganism in Mecca and later in all Arab states. Then after his death, he was succeeded by his father –in – law and started the caliphate. The caliphate succeeded in subduing and conquering neighboring places and spread Islam with it. There were oppositions to it, like people willing to follow the religion or Allah’s will but not pay taxes. In the long run, however, they were either driven by force, fear or respect for the Allah so that the religion flourished in almost all of Asia, the Mediterranean as well as some parts of Europe (Hourani 6). It was after the conquest of Mesopotamia that a school for the study of Islam and its development was built in the city of Kufa. Kufa is the place where the kufic script was developed / originated, hence the name. Due to variations in the languages of peoples – converts – under Islamic rule, they felt the need to provide uniformity of religious concepts and practices so that scholars created some form of a dictionary which was later discarded. But that, to some analysts, was actually the first helpful step in Arab history for establishing the common literary standard of Islamic scholars (Brockelmann 15) The extent to which the intellectual life of the epoch was still dominated by Arabic and by the great past of the Arabs is also attested to by the two major focus of interest of the educated world: philology and history. The former had risen in connection with the Qur’an. It was necessary that the numerous new converts, born in communities of different speech, develop and perfect an understanding of the diving word and its proper application in effective prayer. It was just an urgent need to enable them to acieve a complete mastery of the nuances of Arabic and its excessively rich vocabulary (Brockelmann 119). It was in the city of Kufa and Basra where classes on history and literature were conducted. Kufa was also chosen as the major place for studying Islam and mastering the Qur’an. Due to the various languages of the newly converted Islams, the kufic script was developed mainly as the medium to copy Qur’an and to create a vast collection of commentaries on the Qur’anic verses. This was done in order for converts of different languages to understand one common version of the Qu’ran. Angular, which was most likely a product of inscribing on hard surfaces such as wood or stone, kufic soon became the principal script for copying the Qu’ran. For the same reason (having a principal script for copying the Qur’an), the nakshi script, also known as the ‘Mecca – Medina’ script came about. It is thought to have been developed by Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Muqlah (died 940) and introduced in Baghdad, once the seat of literature in Arabia. The nakshi is one of the earliest book hands and is more cursive than the angular kufic script. Because of its elegance and legibility, the nakshi script as of the eleventh century gradually superseded kufic as the principal script for writing the Qur’an. Nakshi has also been widely used for languages other than Arabic, like Persian, Turkish, Malay, Kiswahili, Hausa, and Serbo – Croatian, among others. And from this script, other styles have also developed, the most popular of which are the riqa, diwani, and the thuluth (Calmous 351). Another off – shoot of the nakshi script is the nastaliq script, which was first seen in the thirteenth century CE, developed by Mir Ali, a calligrapher from Tabriz. It evolved as a combination of nakshi and taliq, hence the name nastaliq. While nakshi was primarily used for copying the Qur’an, the nastaliq, on the other hand, was widely used for manuscripts and architectural monuments, particularly in Persia (Calmous 353). With the invasion of Persia came another development in language and scripts. Farsi, actually a combination of Arabic and European languages, was used by the Persians and Arab residents in that area. Other authors claim that Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Muglah, a vizier in Baghdad, invented the sitta, a canon of six cursive scripts which include the thuluth, nakshi, rihani, muhaqqaq, tauqi and riqa. This was later augmented to include four more scripts, ghubar, tumar, taliq and nastaliq, which came to be used in the whole Islamic world. While these cursive scripts were popular with calligraphers and illuminators, they never replaced the kufic althogether, except for the nakshi – other writers claim it superseded the kufic by the eleventh century. Today, in many religious writings, kufic headings are still used, in combination with the main body of the text written in cursive script (Calmous 66). One cannot study the Arabic scripts without touching on Arabic calligraphy. Since the Prophet Mohammad stated God’s message in his native tongue, Arabic (scholars think he was actually using a combination of Aramaic and Nabataean languages, otherwise now known and indiscriminately described as Arabic), the Qur’an hence was also written in this language. Arabic, has therefore, been revered as God’s language and every letter of the Arabic alphabet is regarded as a manifestation of God (Calmous 64). Thus, for many Muslims the Qur’an should not be rendered in any other language. As the written version of the revelation, it must always be copied in Arabic. Since, in the wake of the Islamic conquest Islam as a religion was carried to regions of many different tongues, written Arabic acquired an important function as a unifying bond of the various Islamic peoples. Writing itself came to be regarded as an expression of faith. In this spirit it developed into a religious inspired art with a special status that no other forms of aesthetic expression was able to attain – calligraphy (Calmous 64). A great variety of materials was used to receive calligraphic writing: stone, glass, ceramics, metalwork, woodwork, carpets and other textiles, as well as parchment paper and other surfaces of manuscript writing. The adaptability of Arabic scripts and their ability to be modified is attributed to the early use of such a variety of surfaces (Calmous 64). Because of its religious significance, great importance is attached to the literal contents of Islamic calligraphy. Yet, sometimes the verbal message is pushed into the background by the decorative function. As many students of Islamic calligraphy pointed out, there are a great number of inscriptions which defy easy reading. Orthographic mistakes and peculiarities as well as typographic idiosyncrasies render inscriptions on such sanctuaries as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (seventh century), the Qutab Minar in Delhi (eleventh century) and the Masjid-i-Shah Mosque in Isfahan (seventeenth century) virtually impossible to decipher. This suggests that the viewer of these works was not always expected to read the text. In many instances of decorative writing, the symbolic message was conveyed by other means. For instance, an inscription on a tomb or the wall of a mosque would be recognized as a holy phrase, no matter whether it could actually be read or not (Calmous 66). History shows that the development of Arabic scripts, as opposed to Arabic calligraphy, was purely for a functional rather than decorative purpose. However, for many who find it impossible to decipher scripts or calligraphic art in Arabic, they would have to look deeper into the history of Arabic nations, with focus on the history of Islam. Those who wish to decipher and understand the numerous transitions the Arabic scripts have gone through across the centuries would better grasp, and maybe even be guided by the annals of history. For instance, while others think nakshi has superseded kufic being the principal language or medium of communication or transmitting the Qur’an, it would help them understand better or find out more if such is the fact by assessing the current or be updated with the present print media being used by Islam. On the other hand, as is occurring amongst Christians all over the world, with all the versions and different languages or Arabic scripts used to print the Qur’an, is there any chance that there may be issues of misinterpretations considering that there is not an exact equivalent of one word across the different scripts or languages? Or is it safe to assume that the later scripts developed (nakshi, kufic, thuluth) found exactly the same words from Arabic translated to these scripts in exact precision? It may not be humanly possible to decipher each and every variation of the Qur’an copied in the different scripts like nakshi and kufic to see if precisely the same words have the same meaning in the original Arabic version. But if for the interest of curiosity one should start to do an inquest, maybe it would save him time to reflect on the following observations and then make his own inferences: First of all, in spite of the variations or the versions of Arabic scripts by which the Qur’an is written, it is amazing how there is only one version of Islam the religion and all things corollary to Allah’s orders are the same things every Muslim believes. Comparing the Islam faith with Christianity, there are thousands of types of Christians all over the world – some of which were formed on the basis of their understanding of some verses in the Holy Bible. Though both the Holy Bible and the Holy Qur’an have been translated or transliterated or written in different scripts, the uniformity of treatment and application of the religious concepts practiced by Islams all over the world is simply amazing. It therefore becomes easy to infer that the kufic and nakshi scripts, used in copying Qur’an, may have therefore been religiously developed. And the purpose therefore, of developing such scripts to help other Islamic converts understand it, was achieved. How to cite The Development of Arabic Scripts, Papers

Assignment on Leadership and Organizations

Question: Many of the leadership styles you have come across in the module tend to be more successful in the short term but the emerging research and literature seems to demonstrate that a transformational style is much more effective for the longer term. By reference to leadership principles adopted by various business leaders, critically evaluate the evidence that transformational leadership impacts positively on employee motivation and organisational culture and thereby influences the success of the business. Answer: 1. Introduction Transformational leadership is an approach to management which has the motive of doing the best for the individuals working in an organization from the root level up to the top management. It focuses on an individual as well as on the entire group. It encompasses many aspects of human character like his work ethics and attitude which makes it possible for him to be an able and fair leader. This quality will enable him to lead from the bottom, middle as well as from the top of the organization. The transformational leaders are those who are the risk-takers, inspirational and provide constant motivation to all his subordinates. In this assignment one can understand what Transformational Leadership is all about and how does it differ from the other leadership styles. 2. Leadership styles Leadership can be in various forms. There is no single way of providing able leadership inside an organization. Various leaders follow different types of leadership (Keller et al. 2014). It depends on the personal thought process and belief of the individual. A few of the leadership types are enumerated as follows: Laissez-Faire This follows a style in which there is no direct supervision. Also it does not provide regular feedback to employees under his supervision. The highly experienced and skilled employees who do not require strict supervision, falls under this category. A good example of this type is that followed by Warren Buffet. He is a business tycoon from the US and one of the richest persons in the world. He is currently the Chairman, CEO and he holds the biggest share in Berkshire Hathaway. His company has employees around him who are efficient. He interferes only when they have done any wrong and deliberately allows mistakes to occur, so that the employees can take a lesson from them. He has tasted great success by following this leadership style. Autocratic This type of leadership involves making decisions without being open to the others view points. The managers retain the total authority and impose their orders on the subordinates. This style is applied to employees who require a close supervision. But generally the employees tend to dislike it (Hurt et al. 2015). We can consider the name of Idi Amin, the third President of Uganda. His rule was for 8 long years during the 1970. He was infamous for suppressive rule and total mismanagement. It is a shock to know that nearly 500000 were killed during his regime. He was later on sent on exile. Democratic It is also known as the democratic leadership style. It involves gathering inputs from the peers and subordinates, but the final decision will be taken by the leader himself. The employees like this style as they feel important in the decision making process. This style is suitable mainly in the short period. We can discuss about President John F. Kennedy here. He happened to be the 35th President of the country. He held his post for 2 years till 1963. He used to take the suggestions from his subordinates and peers to develop a more concrete plan although the final decision rested with him. This made him a very popular figure among his colleagues and a popular international figure. Transformational This style depends on communication and guidance from the higher management to the employees in order to reach the organizational goals. By this process, the leaders try to motivate the employees in order to increase their productivity by effective communication and strict supervision. Here the management takes an active part in meeting the organizational goals. The leader delegates the responsibility in small parts to the individual team members and he himself focuses on the larger goal of the organization. Thus it is nothing but to reach the organizational objective by motivating each team member and making all of them work towards reaching the objective (Hazy et al. 2013). We can talk about Walt Disney in this regard. He believed in the policy of changing the outlook of the subordinates by providing exemplary leadership. He believed in innovation and would do anything to reach to his objectives. In 1923, he founded the Disney Brothers Studio, along with his brother. He never shift ed his focus from his vision. That is why, he was loved by his subordinates and the whole world looks up to him as someone who provided inspirational motivation. 3. Comparison of Transformational and other leadership styles Here the Transformational Leadership is compared with the other styles of leadership. The respective advantages and disadvantages can be seen. 3.1 Transformational vs Laissez-Faire Leadership The Laissez-Faire style does not include strict supervision. It does not even provide regular feedbacks to the employees. It is mainly for the senior and experienced employees who are well- accustomed to their job roles and are carrying out their duties properly. Transformational Leadership is on the other hand dependent on providing leadership from the top down to bottom. Here, the leader interacts with each member of his team and tries to solve their individual problems and guide them towards their own and organizational goals. 3.2 Transformational vs Autocratic Leadership Autocratic leadership is the one in which the leader has his own control on every decision. What he says, the subordinates will have to follow. They cannot come up with their own ideas. This is just the opposite of the Transformational. In Transformational style, the leader considers the subordinates view points and tries to consider some of their ideas. But he is more focused to lead by example and take his team along with him by providing able guidance to them. This is why transformational style is more popular than autocratic. 3.3 Transformational vs Democratic Leadership Democratic leadership involves the involvement of the fellow members in providing valuable ideas to the leader for consideration. If the leader feels that they are worth consideration, he will implement them in his strategy. But, Transformational leadership involves not only gathering valuable points from the subordinates, but primarily to guide them to reach the goals by able leadership. Here, the leader tries to understand each and every employees requirements and then mentor them in his own way to match their ideas with him. 4. History of Transformational Leadership in organizational success The origin of Transformational Leadership can be attributed to the renowned leadership expert and the biographer, Mr. James MacGregor Burns. There are four basic components of this type of leadership. These are as follows: The ideal role model The leader is seen as the role model by the followers. The leader leads by examples and the subordinates try to emulate him (Singh et al. 2014). Motivating the followers The leader possesses the capacity to motivate the subordinates by encouraging words and increase their efficiency in the work. Individual approach to team members The transformational leader is concerned genuinely about the various needs of each employee. In order to achieve organizational success, it is very important to take care of every team members problems and try to solve them and guide them individually (Guerrero et al. 2014). Providing intellectual stimulation to the subordinates The leader provides continuous challenges to each employee to bring out their creativity and innovation. This continuous stimulation keeps the employees involved in their own works and they try to perform all the more to an even better level of efficiency and output (Grille et al. 2015). 5. Organization which has tasted success in Transformational Leadership approach In order to demonstrate how an organization succeeds in achieving its goals, we may cite the example of Apple Inc. Apple Inc, the renowned hardware and software manufacturer happens to be an American organization which is headquartered at Cupertino in California. It was founded on 1st April, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne (Lopes et al. 2015). Among them, Steve Jobs who was the co-founder, CEO and chairman of Apple deserves special mention. Steve Jobs was instrumental in making Apple one of the leading hardware and software manufacturers of the era. This report attempts to reflect his qualities as a transformational leader and how it helped Apple to reach the ultimate level of success. It might be said that the return to Apple in 1997 by Jobs was the golden period for Apple. He not only changed the fortune of the company but also the entire computer industry (Buch et al. 2014). In order to understand what Jobs has done for Apple, it is important to look back 15 years. During the period 1995-96, Apple was in a mess. The products were not performing as expected and that caused a decrease in the revenues. A Web Campaign was conducted in order to attract some of the fans to buy a certain number of shares of the company to prove a point to Wall Street that Apple was still far from over. In order to improve the situation, Apple purchased NeXT, the computer company founded by Jobs, when he was fired from Apple in 1986. After this, Jobs convinced Apples board of directors to request for Mr. Gil Amelios resignation as the CEO of the company (Crooke et al. 2015). It was then Jobss period of service as the interim CEO. Later on he became the permanent CEO. His impressive leadership, involving all the employees of the company, guiding each one of them along the organizational objectives, began to prove instrumental in the turnaround of Apple. By that time, Apple became the most valued corporation in the U.S. It exceeded Microsoft and Intel combined, in terms of market share and revenues. He changed the fortune of the company totally by making things simple. This was the essence of his leadership style. He and Jonathan Ives designed new strategies for the company which proved to be a revelation for Apple. Apple lacked focus and there were managers who were unethically competing with each other. Jobs was the person who put an end to all these unhealthy situations by paying individual attention to each of them and trying to find out the necessary course of action (Baron et al. 2014). This upper management intervention and supervision still exists in Apple, which is the reason for its success till today. Apple was slowly emerging as the most technologically developed company, its market share was increasing and was the golden period for the company. Today Apple boasts of 437 retail stores across 15 countries. It manufactures brands like Mac, iPod, iPad, iPhone, iPad Mini, Apple TV, Apple Watch, OSX, iOS, iWork and iLife. This shows how transformational form of leadership can change the fortunes of a company which was on the verge of downsizing. It also shows how an able leader like Steve Jobs can positively impact the way of working and thinking of a company which lost all hopes of sustaining at a point of time. These are the positive impacts of Transformational Leadership. Nowadays, other leaders are also trying to emulate this style of leadership to gain success in the market (Amundsen et al. 2015). 6. Conclusion In the end it might be said that various organizational leaders believe in different leadership styles. It depends on their mentality and approach. Any organization, whether big or small, from any sector of the industry, needs able leaders at the top of management, to give direction to the employees and make them work in unison to achieve the goals of the company in short run as well as in the long run. We come across several leaders in history who have given motivational leadership to their followers and which resulted in something meaningful and successful. 7. Recommendations This article reflects the various leadership styles with the primary focus on Transformational Leadership. This form of leadership is time tasted and many organizations like, Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, etc have benefited from it. Hence, any corporate and the leaders should emulate this form of leadership to bring a total sense of responsibility and oneness in the organization. This will efficiently increase the output of the company in the long run. For all the organizations, it is extremely important to identify the persons who have the potential to become the Transformational leaders. They are dynamic and they change the way the organization thinks and modify them to take the company to new height of success. 8. Reference list References Amundsen, S. and Martinsen, O. (2015). Linking Empowering Leadership to Job Satisfaction, Work Effort, and Creativity: The Role of Self-Leadership and Psychological Empowerment. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies. Baron, L. and Parent, E. (2014). Developing Authentic Leadership Within a Training Context: Three Phenomena Supporting the Individual Development Process. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 22(1), pp.37-53. Buch, R., Martinsen, O. and Kuvaas, B. (2014). The Destructiveness of Laissez-Faire Leadership Behavior: The Mediating Role of Economic Leader-Member Exchange Relationships. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 22(1), pp.115-124. Crooke, M., Csikszentmihalyi, M. and Bikel, R. (2015). Leadership in a Complex World. Organizational Dynamics. de Arajo, M. and Lopes, P. (2015). Virtuous leadership, organizational commitment and individual performance. Tkhne. Grille, A., Schulte, E. and Kauffeld, S. (2015). Promoting Shared Leadership: A Multilevel Analysis Investigating the Role of Prototypical Team Leader Behavior, Psychological Empowerment, and Fair Rewards. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies. Guerrero, S., Lapalme, M. and Seguin, M. (2014). Board Chair Authentic Leadership and Nonexecutives' Motivation and Commitment. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 22(1), pp.88-101. Gupta, V. and Singh, S. (2014). Leadership and Creative Performance Behaviors in RD Laboratories: Examining the Mediating Role of Justice Perceptions. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 22(1), pp.21-36. Hazy, J. and Uhl-Bien, M. (2013). Towards operationalizing complexity leadership: How generative, administrative and community-building leadership practices enact organizational outcomes. Leadership, 11(1), pp.79-104. Hurt, K. and Abebe, M. (2015). The Effect of Conflict Type and Organizational Crisis on Perceived Strategic Decision Effectiveness: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies. Keller, T. and Weibler, J. (2014). What It Takes and Costs To Be an Ambidextrous Manager: Linking Leadership and Cognitive Strain to Balancing Exploration and Exploitation. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 22(1), pp.54-71. Kiersch, C. and Byrne, Z. (2015). Is Being Authentic Being Fair? Multilevel Examination of Authentic Leadership, Justice, and Employee Outcomes. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies.

SNC2D - Grade 10 Science Essays - Biology, Anatomy, Cell Biology

SNC2D - Grade 10 Science Unit Test Review Key Cells, Tissues and Living Systems Plant and Animal Cells, Cell Theory, Cell Structure (p. 29, 30-32) The cell theory states that: Every living organism is made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest unit that can perform life functions. All cells arise from pre-existing cells. 2. How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? Give one example of each. Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and do not have membrane-bound organelles. Example of a prokaryote: bacteriaExample of a eukaryote: plant or animal cell 46990096520 7. endoplasmic reticulum 2.Golgi body cytoplasm 3.mitochondria00 7. endoplasmic reticulum 2.Golgi body cytoplasm 3.mitochondriaLabel the parts of the animal cell. 41275016891000 3886200127635 4. vacuole/lysosome00 4. vacuole/lysosome -15240095250 8.(dots) ribosome00 8.(dots) ribosome 3962400-1905 5. nucleus00 5. nucleus 388620043815 6.nuclear membrane00 6.nuclear membrane Referring to question 3, list the numbered parts of the animal cell and fill in their respective functions in the table below: Cell Structure Function 1. Cytoplasm consists of organelles, molecules, ions and water 2. Golgi body involved with packaging and secretion of proteins 3. Mitochondrion Site where energy for the cell is produced It is also referred to as the "power house" of the cell 3. Lysosomes /vacuoles contain digestive chemicals called enzymes may contain cell debris or chemicals 5. Nucleus the control centre of the cell; contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell Nuclear membrane Regulates movement of substances into and out of the nucleus 7. E ndoplasmic reticulum Network for the transport of substances throughout the cell 8. Ribosomes involved with making proteins -36893553975 1. chloroplast 3. vacuole 00 1. chloroplast 3. vacuole Label the numbered parts of the plant cell. -69215178435 2. cell wall00 2. cell wall By referring to question 5, list the numbered parts of the plant cell and fill in their respective functions in the table below: Cell Structure Function chloroplast Where photosynthesis happens cell wall Provides rigidity to the plant vacuole keeps the cells plump which keeps the plant's stems and leaves firm. 8. Name three differences between plant and animal cells. Plant cells have (1) a cell wall, (2) chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and (3) 1 large vacuole(animal cells have multiple, smaller, vacuoles) Cell Division, Cell Cycle (pp. 36-37, 40-43) 396240043180001. Refer to the diagrams below for question 3. 2286006477000 2514600132715 C00 C 22098004000500 426720015240 D00 D 30480083185 A00 A 45720003683000 -15240010477500 24384005842000 3886200101600 E00 E 99060055245 B00 B 5105400123190 F00 F Which of the following diagrams (A-F) shows: 1447800112395 F00 F09906000 137160010160 A00 A 137160078105 D00 D 1371600155575 C00 C 13716006985 B00 B 140017584455 E00 E 2. Why don't cells grow indefinitely? Cells are limited in size because the outside (the cell membrane) must transport the food and oxygen to the parts inside. As a cell gets bigger, the outside is unable to keep up with the inside, and the cell membrane cannot supply the inside with what it needs to survive. Diffusion of nutrients throughout the cell also takes longer. What are 3 purposes of cell division? Growth (2) Reproduction (3) Repair What purpose does mitosis serve in the cell cycle? Equal distribution of genetic material between the two daughter cells Equal distribution of the cytoplasm and organelles between the two daughter cells (cytokinesis) Compare contrast diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion - movement of the solute from an area of high solute concentration to low concentration Osmosis - movement of water towards an area of high solute concentration Compare - both water and the solute move from areas of high concentration (water or solute) to low concentration Cancer (pp. 48-55) Define metastasis. When some of the cancerous cells break off from the primary tumour , spread through the blood and lymph and establish a secondary tumour in a new location. Describe the steps for a secondary tumour formation. Step 1: The primary tumour develops as a group of cells that are undergoing uncontrolled cell division Step 2: As the tumour gets bigger, it stimulates blood vessels to form and supply it with nutrients. Step 3: Tumour cells enter blood vessels and lymph vessels. This is dangerous because the tumour cells can move to other parts of body (metastasis). Step 4: Primary cells which arrive at new area of the body form secondary tumour s , which may eventually be fatal to the organism. How does a doctor diagnose cancer once he or she has located a tumour ? Biopsy (tissue sample) What are some reasons why cancer might recur after it has been successfully removed from a person? After surgery, a vast amount of the primary tumour is removed . H owever,

How to Demonstrate That Air Has Mass

How to Demonstrate That Air Has Mass Air is the sea of particles in which we live. Wrapped around us like a blanket, students sometimes mistake air as being without mass or weight. This easy weather demonstration proves to younger students that air does indeed have mass! In this experiment, two balloons, filled with air, will be used to create a balance. Difficulty: AverageTime Required: Under 15 minutes Materials Needed 2 balloons of equal size3 pieces of string at least 6 inches longA wooden rulerA small needle Getting Started Inflate the two balloons until they are equal in size and tie them off. Attach a piece of string to each balloon. Then, attach the other end of each of the strings to the opposite ends of the ruler. Keep the balloons the same distance from the end of the ruler. The balloons will now be able to dangle below the ruler.Tie the third string to the middle of the ruler and hang it from the edge of a table or support rod. Adjust the middle string until you find the balance point where the ruler is parallel to the floor. Once the apparatus is completed, the experiment can begin.Puncture one of the balloons with the needle (or other sharp object) and observe the results. Students can write their observations in a science notebook or simply discuss the results in a lab group.To make the experiment a true inquiry experiment, the objective of the demonstration should not be revealed until after students have had a chance to observe and comment on what they have seen. If the purpose of the experi ment is revealed too soon, students will not have the chance to figure out what happened and why. Why It Works The balloon that remains full of air will cause the ruler to tip showing that the air has weight. The empty balloon’s air escapes into the surrounding room and is no longer contained within the balloon. The compressed air in the balloon has a greater weight than the surrounding air. While the weight itself cannot be measured in this way, the experiment gives indirect evidence that air has mass. Tips In the inquiry process, its best to not reveal the objective of an experiment or demonstration. Many teachers will actually cut off the title, objective, and opening questions for lab activities so that students observe the experiments knowing the outcome will help them to write their own title and objectives. Instead of standard after-lab-questions, ask students to complete the missing title and objectives. It is a fun twist and makes the lab more creative. Teachers of very young students can even play this up creating a scenario in which the teacher accidentally lost the rest!Goggles are recommended for young students. When the balloons are blown up to a large size, small pieces of latex could injure the eye. Its also a good idea to use something other than needles to bust the balloon. Go around the classroom and check on the apparatus set-up. Then, once the apparatus meets the standards, the teacher can bust the balloon.

Evolution of Aesthetic Medicine and its Implications on... | Bartleby

padding-top-2"> Throughout this century, the term natural beauty has taken a wide variety of definitions. Aesthetic treatments are rapidly becoming socially sought after in large urbanized communities, and this craze is rapidly progressing towards a flawless sales tactic for all cosmetic surgeons and media alike—proclaiming that one should invest in themselves. What was once seen as treatment for individuals in dire need is now evolving into a marketable service rendered to those with the means to obtain it. It is clear that demand for aesthetic surgery has skyrocketed in recent years, an increase caused by modern marketing tactics, technological development, as well as the modern idea of individualism and self-expression through artificial body show more content One patient was satisfied with the results, but the other was unsure she wanted to undergo the procedure in the first place. This falls into the human understanding of using stereotypes in order to organize social worlds (Anonymous 2008). Some individuals still have a clouded perception on their motives for undergoing such procedures, and it is not until the damage has been done that feelings of regret occur. Media has created a massive social cult for several years by creating what is seen as the ideal physique, encouraging astray individuals to take extreme measures in order to conform. Another significant factor towards the recent increase of cosmetic surgery procedures is attributed to major technological advancements in recent years. Modern advances in technology have significantly decreased pain level as well as post-operation complications. Cosmetic surgeons are also widely available and offer competitive rates in many urban centers. The repackaging of cosmetic surgery as a business has also allowed for surgeons to advertise, which only adds to a consumer’s temptation. This allows clinics to offer financing and other methods of payment, significantly increasing the accessibility to such services. Advertising campaigns are often aggressive and commission-based, and some firms go as far as offering discounts on multiple procedures. These additional procedures extend the amount of time a patient spends under anesthesia, The Louisiana Purchase: Unconstitutional or Not? Essay | Bartleby padding-top-2"> It seems that since the beginning of history the actions of the government have always been criticized, especially in the sense of public spending. In the case of the Louisiana Purchase many political figures at the time it was created, as well as historians argue whether or not it was in fact a violation of the Constitution or not. This debate is still ongoing, but in order to analyze whether the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional or not, one must analyze the sequence of events leading to the acquisition of the territory by the United States. The Louisiana Purchase appeared to be the only solution to the United States anxiety over whether the French would try to control part of the land that many of the colonists were attempting to show more content It seems that since the beginning of history the actions of the government have always been criticized, especially in the sense of public spending. In the case of the Louisiana Purchase many political figures at the time it was created, as well as historians argue whether or not it was in fact a violation of the Constitution or not. This debate is still ongoing, but in order to analyze whether the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional or not, one must analyze the sequence of events leading to the acquisition of the territory by the United States. The Louisiana Purchase appeared to be the only solution to the United States anxiety over whether the French would try to control part of the land that many of the colonists were attempting to inhabit. Up through the Seven Years’ War France had claimed and was controlling a large portion of the territory west of the colonies. The French had claimed, by only began to settle in this expanse of land, but Spain soon obtained it through the 1763 Treaty of Paris. The Spanish did not settle this portion of land either. Since the 1780’s many American colonists’ goal was to move westward after the concept spread of Manifest Destiny (in which the colonists believed that it was their God given duty to occupy the land west of the original colonies). President Thomas Jefferson and many other U.S. officials began to become uneasy about the fact that France (who was now under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte) would try to dominate the land Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homer's Odyssey -... | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Odysseus’s Fulfills his Destiny in The Odyssey During Odysseus’s journey in The Odyssey, his own guile, the gods’ obstacles and their assistance for him affected his destiny. Odysseus uses his crafty sense of trickery and guile to get out of situations, which allow him to reach his destiny of returning home. Many times in The Odyssey the gods who dislike Odysseus set obstacles to try to stop him from returning home. However, there are gods who favor him and give him assistance to reach his homeland of Ithaca. Odysseus found himself in some dangerous situations during his journey but he was clever enough to think of ways to escape them. For example, when he encountered Polyphemus, Odysseus tricked him when he told show more content Instead of using his guile, Odysseus also has the power to prevent from being beguiled. An example of Odysseus using his power to not be beguiled was when he drank Circe’s potions but nothing happened because of Hermes’ herb. Circe shows her disbelief of Odysseus when she says, "I marvel much that drinking of these drugs you were not charmed. None, no man else, ever withstood these drugs who tasted them, so soon as they had passed the barrier of his teeth; but in your breast there is a mind which cannot be beguiled" (97). Once again Odysseus uses his creative techniques not to be tricked and he turns out safe. By using his guile and other techniques, Odysseus makes it through the gods’ obstacles, which test his destiny. In order for Odysseus to encounter and pursue his destiny, he must be tried and tested by obstacles put forth by gods or their offspring, such as Poseidon, the Sirens, and Polyphemus. One instance of this occurring was when Poseidon sent a storm in an attempt to capsize Odysseus’ boat. Poseidon shows his hate for Odysseus when he says, "I hope to plunge him into sufficient trouble" (50). Poseidon sets forth an obstacle to test Odysseus by making a huge storm in the seas to capsize and break up his boat. Without these obstacles put forth by the gods, Odysseus would have made it home without any trouble. The epithet, "Long-tried The Life of Charlotte Bronte - 798 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Charlotte went through many crises. Her mother died when she was young, and she had to care for her younger siblings. Bronte could not go to school as a young child like everyone else; she had responsibilities. A few years later as she got older sisters died of tuberculosis, and she was left alone. Charlotte Bronte work tells the story of love, life, and death. Charlotte was born at Thorntorn, Yorkshire in 1816. She was the third daughter of Rev. Bronte and Maria Branwell. Charlotte had two sisters and 1 brother. The Bronte children were all great readers, and since they were isolated children they lived through literary fantasies. Living in their fantasy world the children had vivid imaginations, and they invented role-playing games, at times with the wooden toys, and other times in provisional costumes. Shortly after they were born their mother passed away in 1821. Four years after their mother passed Charlotte’s two sisters died of tuberculosis; they caught it in school. Charlotte Bronte had a really difficult life. She really had no one but her father and brother. Bronte and her brother became really close. Charlotte tried really hard to become successful but yet, she always ended up where she started from. Charlotte began working as a governess in different positions, but none lasted very long. Shortly after she and Emily went to Health Care Professionals Criminal Liability - 1529 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability of Nurses Christopher Ponciano September 27, 2010 Legal Issues in Health Care: Regulation and Compliance (HCS/430) University of Phoenix Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability of Nurses The health care field is a very complex workplace environment and the terminology like malpractice encompasses the negligence of health care professionals. In the past, there is a division that existed between physicians and nurses. Additionally, nurses had very defined framework, in which nurses are to wait after a patient have been seen by doctors and simply implements the physician’s order. In other words, nurses are not to diagnose, treat symptoms, or prescribe medications. In the show more content After the investigation, if the Board determines that the allegations have merit, then the complaint will proceed to an informal hearing. Eventually, the nurse receives a notification in regard to the allegation and the Board will schedule an informal hearing. The Board of Nursing’s attorney, the member of the board, and the nurse are present in the informal hearing. However, if the nurse has retained an attorney, then the attorney will be present during informal hearing. Additionally, before the informal hearing the defendant’s attorney will have the opportunity to discuss the gathered evidence and collect any evidence used during investigation process. The informal hearing starts with the Board of Nursing’s attorney opening statement and the nurse will have an opportunity to present his or her side. After the informal hearing procedure, the board member and the Board of Nursing’s attorney will discuss in private. Disciplinary action and criminal liability. Immediately after the hearing, recommendations are generally made. For example, recommendations can range from dismissal of the complaint, filing a formal charge, or an agreement to negotiate a consent order (Karno, 2005). Under the consent order, the nurse waives his or her rights to contest on the charged allegations or simply seek a review under administrative order. In addition, under consent order gives the nurse and his or her attorney the leverage to control any Fight Obesity With Diet and Exercise Essay - 899 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> As humans we are available to a mass assortment of foods that help us survive. These foods provide our bodies with nutrients to remain healthy and calories for energy. If we take in more calories than we burn off, the food then gets stored in our bodies as fat. If this happens regularly there is potential of becoming obese. Obesity means having excessive amounts of fat on the body. Obesity is the second leading cause, behind tobacco, of preventable deaths in the United States. More than half of Americans are overweight and almost one third are obese. There are abundant reasons people become obese including: emotions, genes, sex, age, and many others. There are also several ways to tell if a person is overweight or obese. Lastly there show more content Other eating disorders such as binge eating or bulimia may be associated with obesity. How can you tell if you are overweight or obese? There are a few ways to tell if you are obese, one being checking your body fat percentage. Many health professionals agree that men with more than 25% fat and women with more than 30% fat are considered obese. It is difficult to measure body fat percentage accurately. The methods used at health clubs and weight loss programs may not be accurate if done improperly, therefore special equipment is needed that is not found in many medical offices. People who gain weight around their waist have a higher risk of obesity-related health problems. Women with a waist size greater than 35 inches and men with a waist size greater than 40 inches are at higher health risk. Lastly, and the most effective way to tell if you are obese is by the body mass index or BMI. The BMI is used to check your weight relative to your height and is calculated by weight in pounds and height in inches. Body mass index is much like the body fat percentage but much easier to calculate. Being so much easier to calculate several care providers use it to identify obesity. To calculate your body mass index you must first multiply your weight by 705. Next, take that answer and divide it by your height in inches. Now take the current number and divide it by you height in inches once again. After the three steps are done you are left with your BMI. If your Essay about Oedipus the King and Oedipus Complex - 612 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Oedipus Rex, is a Sophocles play, that according to Freud exemplifies a formative stage in a individuals psychosexual development. The psychosexual stages are the age related developmental periods in which sexual impulses are exerted through different bodily zones and then activities are associated with those areas in the bodily zones. These is when a young child will transfer his love object from the breast to the mother. When the child gives up the breast and moves to the mother it is known as the oral phase. The child then has the sexual desire for the opposite sex parent and will usually have hostility towards the same sex parent. During this time, the child will have a secret desire to show more content The boy then feels hostility and jealously towards his father, but then will come to realize that his father is much more powerful then he is. Freud says, â€Å" the boy will then experience castration anxiety which is the fear that his father will punish him by castration (Freud, 1993) .† Fixation at a particular stage may result If the developmental conflicts are not successfully resolved. He figured if this feelings were not successfully resolved then they would contribute to neuroses in later life. The only way anyone could resolve the Oedipus Complex and the anxieties from the complex , the boy ultimately will join force with the enemy by resorting to the defense mechanism of identification. Identification is a psychoanalytic theory that involves the ability to reduce the anxiety by imitating the behavior and characteristics of one individual. For instance, he would most likely imitate his fathers values, attitude and mannerisms. Girls ar e another way in which the Oedipus Complex could be resolved because girls usually identify with the same sex parent and then they develop a strong superego against urges. Freud considered this complex is be the cornerstone of superego and the nucleus of all human relationships. Oedipus in a way had this Oedipus Complex because

How Do Nietzsche and Freud Differ in Their Evaluation of Civilisation Essay

How Do Nietzsche and Freud Differ in Their Evaluation of Civilisation - Essay Example This essay examines the extent the Freud and Nietzsche differ in their evaluation of civilization. Analysis There are a number of overarching considerations in regards to Nietzsche and Freud’s perspectives on civilization. One considers that in many regards both thinkers share a similar cynicism towards mass society. Nietzsche was greatly suspicious of the notion of morality and sought means of examining the underlining significance of moral actions, concluding that ultimately individuals were self-interested. Freud additionally questioned notions of selflessness (McGrath 1995, p. 111). Perhaps more significantly both thinkers recognized the prominence irrationality plays in civilization and human existence. While Freud embraced the Western scientific tradition of social progress, Nietzsche largely disregarded these notions. In addition to his disregard of society in this way, Nietzsche also believed that, to a large-extent, social reforms were useless and impossible (McGrath 1995, p. 111). Nietzsche viewed society as constricted by too many rules and regulations that hindered one’s pursuit of a richer and fuller human existence (McGrath 1995, p. 111). Freud’s emphasis on scientific progress seems conflicted with Nietzsche’s abandonment of social reform. ... While Freud’s texts more directly consider the thrust of civilization to a large extent Nietzsche focuses on the individual. One of Nietzsche’s most seminal works is ‘Beyond Good and Evil’. One of the earlier considerations in this text is Nietzsche’s condemnation of past philosophers as too readily embracing notions of truth (Nietzsche 2003, p. 20). This is a significant criticism as Nietzsche has considered that past perspectives on philosophy and civilization must be fundamentally reconsidered as based on erroneous assumptions. For instance, Nietzsche broadly criticized Socrates. Rather than constituting ‘truth,’ Nietzsche argues that these past philosophical perspectives have merely sought to emphasize a philosophical perspective as a means of advancing the moral prejudices of the philosopher (Nietzsche 2003, p. 20). For instance, rather than Socrates’ claims being a legitimate claim to moral truth, Nietzsche argues that these beliefs merely serve to bolster Socrates’ self-interested position. This is a highly significant argument as in addition to criticizing the Western philosophical tradition, it criticizes many of the very foundational elements of society. Nietzsche notes, "from every point of view the erroneousness of the world in which we believe we live is the surest and firmest thing we can get our eyes on" (Nietzsche 1996, p. 34). While civilization through the Enlightenment had previously embraced the notion that humanity was inherently good, Nietzsche is positing in these regards that individuals must think beyond traditional notions of good and evil, as they are based an invalid premises. One considers Freud’s perspective on many of these notions in his seminal text Civilization and Its

POEMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

POEMS - Essay Example June Jordan herself a civil rights activist who fervently fight for the rights of African-Americans. Her radical beliefs and principles are vividly echoed in her poem. On the other hand, Ted Kooser’s poem sounds simple on the surface due to its terse and straightforward style. My initial interpretation of the poem is that the author is unhappily celebrating his birthday, celebrating an important day of his life alone. But when I read Kooser’s biography, my interpretation of the poem changed. When I learned that he is recognized as a poet with a remarkable grasp of metaphors I thought that perhaps the poem is not even talking about him or, specifically, his own gloomy disposition, but about the simple things that are usually taken for granted, like a book, darkness, a window. What the author, I think, is trying to convey is that these simple things can bring happiness, like the happiness that a birthday celebration can

Tess, Gatsby and Rapture Essay Example for Free

Tess, Gatsby and Rapture Essay ‘For it was not into my ear you whispered, but into my heart. It was not my lips you kissed, but my soul.’ The assertion made here, being that true love does not involve physical actions but strong emotional bonds, is evident in both the novels, Tess of the D’Urbervilles as well as The Great Gatsby and in the poetry collection ‘Rapture’ as we see all three protagonists experience a volume of intense feelings towards the object of their affections; from the passionate love that they feel for their other half to sheer desperation of their others approval. However there are many physical obstacles that stand in their way, such as Alec and Tom who touch Tess and Daisy physically and materially but not emotionally. In Rapture, the lovers become separated due to the unconventional nature of their relationship, this arguably intensifies the love felt by the poet as many say, ‘Distance makes the heart grow fonder’.It is obvious to us as the reader that Tess is willing to obtain true love at all costs; even though that may mean death, this shows how very deeply Angel has touched Tess emotionally and not just physically. It shows her obsession with Angel and her dismay at Alecs persistent love interest in her; ‘I don’t see how I can help being the cause of much misery to you all your life. The river is down there. I can put an end to myself in it. I am not afraid†¦I will leave something to show that I did it myself – on account of my shame. They will not blame you then.’ Here Tess takes all the blame for Angel’s decision to end their relationship and offers to kill herself in order to save Angel the embarrassment of having to explain why his marriage failed. Tess takes the heavy burden and almost exaggerates it ‘being the cause of much misery to you all your life’ seems to be a bold statement of guilt yet it was not just her who wasn’t a virgin when Angel and Tess’s relationship commenced. The use of simple sentences in this extract gives Tess’s decision a sense of finality and determination; she will do anything to see that Ang el is happy. The use of such negative language sparks a sympathetic despair in the reader as Tess seems so set on ending her life: ‘misery’ ‘end’ ‘not’ ‘shame’ and ‘blame’ all have connotations of conclusiveness, as if nothing will change Tess’s mind because she is convinced that she must take the suffering in order to appease Angel. Her final though ‘They will not blame you’ not only evokes a sense of  definiteness but is perhaps a comment on the social conventions that the Victorian reader would be accustomed too; should one have an affair or it be discovered that a gentleman’s wife was not virginal before their marriage then the primary concern for the man was to avoid scandal as it could destroy his reputation. No matter how in the love the couple may have been, it was not easy to forgive ones wife is such a discovery was made as it was a social embarrassment and ultimately a social inconvenience. Here Tess demonstrates her knowledge of Angel’s concern as she attempts to solve this problem by suggesting that she drown herself. A modern reader would not be quite so concerned with the idea of people finding out that one was not virginal before marriage as one critic comments: her soul remains unstained regardless of what happens to her body. This comment on how Tess remains pure even though her body is violated, is a particularly modern view, society no longer frowns upon a girl if she is not chaste till marriage as they did in the Victorian era. This is why the statement ‘They will not blame you’ has such an impact on both the readers’ acceptance of the novels social context and the readers realisation that Angel has touched Tess’s heart and soul and not just her ears and lips.Similarly in the poem ‘If I Was Dead’ from Duffy’s collection ‘Rapture’ the main theme of the poem is around the idea that the love recei ved from the poets lover is strong and powerful enough to raise her body along with her own love from the dead: ‘I swear your lovewould raise me out of my grave,in my flesh and blood,like Lazarus;hungry for this,and this, and this,your living kiss.’ Duffys use of the images of death, especially the Biblical reference to the man who was awoken from the dead, in contrast to the vagarious kiss of life show the physical distance of the lovers yet it emphasis the strength of the bond of true love between them, even in death. In a similar way to the way Hardy uses Tess’s family tomb in ‘The Woman Pays’, to heighten the sense of a bleak future for Angel and Tess, Duffy uses a ‘grave’ to illustrate not only the powerful, reawakening nature of love, but the foreshadowing of the metaphorical death of their relationship. In this poem, the graphic images of ‘flesh and blood’ being restored to arise from a grave create a gothic image of the supremacy of love. Instead of using a noun such as ‘skin’ Duffy chooses the word ‘flesh’  to show the rawness of the emotions associated with death and she almost begins to compare these with the emotions indicative of love as she w rites that the speaker is ‘hungry’ for the lovers ‘living kiss’. The adjective ‘living’ provokes one to think of the kiss of life. The lover breathes life and love into the carcass of her other, in order to restore what once was there; this kiss is so heart-rending that it touches not only her lips, but her soul as it rekindles the light of life within her. Contrastingly in Gatsby, the love felt by the protagonist is never truly reciprocated as it is for Tess and Angel and Duffy and her lover, as Daisy ultimately cannot admit that she wishes to be with Gatsby and not her husband Tom. However, the love that Gatsby feels, to him is pure and all engulfing, as it is what has driven him to seek corrupt means of becoming successful as he feels this is what is stopping himself and Daisy being together. Yet Gatsby’s idealised version of Daisy is what forces his love to stand the test of time: ‘He had been full of the idea so long, dreamed it right through to the end, waited with his teeth set, so to speak, at an inconceivable pitch of intensity†¦because of the colossal vitiality of his illusion†¦no amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man can store up in his ghostly heart.’ The fact that at this point in the novel, when Gatsby and Daisy get their first intimate moments alone together, Hardy choses to describe Daisy as Gatsbys illusion is incredibly poignant.

A Fathers Legacy in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay -- William

A Father's Legacy in William Faulkner's Short Story "Barn Burning" The cruel dominance of a father, can extinguish any flame of hope that builds in the people around him. In William Faulkner's short story "Barn Burning," Abner is that father. The story portrays a nomadic life of a family driven from one home to another. Abner had a craving hunger to belittle those around him that thought they were "better than him." Although the family accepts the nomadic life, Sarty (the son) dreams of having peace and stability. To have this peace, it only requires a lack of conflict. The Snope family was doomed to struggle due to Abner's constant instigation of conflict, the ongoing domination of his family and his complete lack of respect for the law. Abners instigation of conflict, gives him justification to destroy the center of livlihood (the barn) of those he envies. The "ravening and jealous rage" he feels when seeing DeSpains home for the first time, leads to his desire to destroy it in some way. After deliberateley stepping in horse droppings, he forces himself in the home past the Negro. "The boy saw the prints of the stiff foot on the doorjamb and saw them appear on the pale rug behind the machinelike deliberation of the foot." Upon being asked to leave, "the boy watched him pivot on the good leg and saw the stiff foot drag round the arc [...] leaving a final long and fading smear." Although Abner had not appeared to be aware of the destruction he was doing...

Indiana Jones, Raiders of the Lost Ark Essay

I have chosen to evaluate a scene from Indiana Jones, Raiders of the Lost Ark where Indiana and Sallah uncover the Well of Soles where the lost ark is hidden. We open the scene at 57:03 with Indiana leading a team of diggers up a hill to the spot where they will dig for the ark. As the scene opens we hear the diegetic sounds of the diggers and commotion taking place in the background. We also hear non-diegetic music that will be referred to as the â€Å"ark theme† playing as Indiana climbs the hill and has his men start to dig for the ark. The slow and sort of creepy tone that makes up the ark theme reminds us of the continuing quest for the ark and also that the ark may very well be close by. At 58:00, the non-diegetic music briefly cuts for about four seconds but then picks up once again as Indiana turns around to whistle for his men to start digging. As the digging begins, the music picks up and gets louder and louder. The rise in the non-diegetic music builds the suspense and excitement of the scene and foreshadows the big discovery that lies ahead. At 58:26 the scene dissolves into a shot of the dig site from afar. Although the non-diegetic music ended, we pick up with the diegetic music or sound of the tune that the workers hum as they dig. We can also hear the diegetic sounds of the wind howling and we see the sun setting in the background showing us that a cold night is approaching. The coloring from the sun set gives the shot a feel that something great is about to happen yet provides a sense of mystery for those who don’t know what is to come. In this shot we cannot see a detailed view of our characters, rather just the shadows of the digging men and Indy. We are easily able to pick out Indy despite only being able to see character shadows simply because we see him put on his trademark hat which he is famous for wearing. At 58:44 the shot cuts to yet another shot of the digging site at night fall. Immediately we hear booms of thunder and strikes of lightening from an approaching storm which sets the tone of this portion of the scene. The thunder and lightning and building anticipation seem to foreshadow the discovery of the ark yet again, which we initially hink is a good thing, however, the dark and evil sounds of the storm represent bad things will eventually come from the ark and show us that in hindsight, the ark should not be disturbed. Anticipation continues to build as we hear more diegetic sounds of thunder and a spooky wind howling in the background. We see a shot of Indy and see the worried look on his face as the storm continues to approach. At 58:56 Sallah informs Indy that they hit stone and here we see an eyeline match from Indy leading to the next shot of the uncovered stone. As the workers continue to uncover the stone, the diegetic sounds continue. The lack of non-diegetic music emphasizes the roar of the thunder and helps the view focus on the big find that is about to occur. As the stone is lifted and the tomb is uncovered, we hear the diegetic sound of an animal howling in the background at 59:50. This gives the viewer a spooky feel of the tomb. At 59:55 we see and hear a stinger brought on by non-diegetic music. The thunder roars with a lightning strike which lights up the opening of the tomb which reveals a scary-looking creature with jagged teeth. As this is revealed the non-diegetic music spikes and Sallah shouts from being startled which all creates this stinger effect. The stinger also proves to be the cue that re-starts the creepy, non-diegetic music. After questioning the moving floor, at 1:00:15, the non-diegetic music spikes into a high pitch shriek, as Indy drops his torch. The non-diegetic music lowers to a creepy tone once again but then spikes into a high pitch flute sound at 1:00:22 as the camera pans over the creepy view of the snakes. The non-diegetic music continues into a low-pitch brass sound which continues to provide a creepy feel but also foreshadows the evil that lies ahead. At 1:00:42 the camera lifts back to Indy as he rolls over and delivers his famous line; â€Å"Snakes.  Why did it have to be snakes? † Sallah then crawls over to Indy and at 1:00:59, Sallah utters over the non-diegetic music, â€Å"Asps. Very dangerous. You go first! † This line then cues the diegetic sounds of a snake rattling and a loud boom of thunder which cues the end of the scene. Throughout this four minute clip, there are tons of diegetic sounds and a lot of non-diegetic music. The sounds and music play a huge roll in this scene as it builds emotion for the find of the Well of Soles yet foreshadows the danger and adventure that lies ahead in the remainder of the film.

The Theory of Settlement in the City of Vadodara

Theory Of Settlement City – Vadodara Vadodara is situated on the bank of river Vishwamitra. Vadodara metropolis is the 3rd largest metropolis in the province of Gujarat with an country of 149sq.kms and a population of 13.06 lakh occupants as per 2001 nose count. The metropolis was one time called Chandanavati after its swayer Raja Chandan of Dor folk of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had besides another name â€Å" Virakshetra † or â€Å" Virawati † ( A Land of Warriors ) . Subsequently on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodara , which harmonizing to tradition is a corrupt signifier of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means ‘In the bosom of the Banyan tree ‘ . Baroda can possess of one of the finest castles in India. Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad commissioned the celebrated British Architects, Major Mant and Chisolm to work on Laxmi Vilas castle. Designed in the Indo- Saracenic manner, it is rather a long thrust from the immense created Fe Gatess with the mounted royal emblem, to the entry. The colorful frescoes in Italian manner on the walls of the castle surprise you with their glare. Beautiful statues, marble fountains, Moorish arcades and stained glass Windowss adorn the construction. The metropolis is on the major rail and route arterias fall ining Mumbai with Delhi and Mumbai with Ahmedabad. Because of this Vadodara is known as a ‘Gateway to the Golden Corridor’ . National Highway No. 8 base on ballss through the metropolis. All superfast and express trains arrest at Vadodara Railway Station. Vadodara besides has an airdrome which is really good connected with the other major airdromes of India. Till the early 1960’s Baroda was considered to be a cultural and educational Centre. The first modern mill ( Alembic Pharmaceuticals ) was established in Baroda in 1907 and later companies such as Sarabhai Chemicals, Jyoti, etc. , came up in the fortiess. By 1962 there were 288 mills using 27510 workers. At that clip, the dominant industrial groups were chemicals and pharmaceuticals, cotton fabrics and machine tools In 1962, Baroda witnessed a sudden jet in industrial activity with the constitution of Gujarat Refinery. Several factors like natural stuff handiness, merchandise demand, adept mobilization of homo, fiscal and material resources by the authorities and private enterprisers have contributed to Baroda going one of India’s foremost industrial Centres. The find of oil and gas in Ankleshwar and North Gujarat led to the industrial development of Gujarat in a large manner. The Baroda part is the largest donee in the procedure of this industrialization. Gujarat Refinery went into the first stage of production in 1965. The refinery being a basic industry made critical parts on several foreparts at the regional and national degrees. InchThymineRoentgenDoctor of optometryUracilCThymineIon:VADOCalciferolARoentgenAVadodara, one of India’s most widely distributed metropoliss, is located to the south E of Ahmedabad, on the Bankss of river Vishwamitri.The territory is referred to as theâ€Å"SansKaRNitrogenatabunRI†( City of Culture ) due to its rich cultural traditions Vadodara is celebrated for its castles, Parkss, temples and museums Known as the ‘Gateway to the Golden Corridor’ , as all the rail and route arterias that link Delhi, Mumbai and Ahmedabad besides connect Vadodara, including the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor ( DMIC )The territory has 12 talukas, 15 towns and 1,548 small towns, of which the major towns are Vadodara( District Headquarter ) , Savli, Waghodia, Padra, Dabhoi, Karjan and Sankheda.Vadodara deserve the particular topographic point in the province of Gujarat In footings of industrial development,In the twelvemonth of 1907 Vadodara have the most modern Industry Alem bic ( Pharmaceuticals ) , which is a discovery for the metropolis development Subsequently than after there are many other industries like Sarabhai chemicals and Jyoti came up in the 1940s.At the terminal of the 1962 there were more than 288 companies offering more than 27,000employments, and so Bank of Baroda came up in the twelvemonth of 1908, by the Sayajirao three to offer their services to the communities. 1800000 1600000 DadUracilLiterATIONGramRoentgenOxygenWTH 1666703 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 1306035 1250000 1150000 1031346 734473 467487 298398 211407 Seriess 1 30 27 25 19.6 20 15 10 21.620.97 1413.49 Birth Rate Annual Natural Growth Rate 7.47.67.48 5 0 1981-19911991-20012001-2011 Death Rate2 GermaniumNEracubic decimetergRotungstenThursdayRaTeVs AcTualINdegree CelsiussRvitamin Ease 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1971 – 1981 1981 – 1991 1991 – 2001 2001 – 2011 Seriess 1 Seriess 2 This shows the two graphs of existent growing rate and general population growing rate.So clearly the difference in the countries becomes the migration population due to assorted factors like industrialisation. Table 1. Population of ‘ adodara YearPopula tion ( lakh'5 ) 1981134 1991103l A' e-rageannual grourtb rate 1 ( % ) 200111.062.39, o/o2005 ( Estimated )14_6'92.99,o/o2011 ( ProjecIBd )17.542.99,o/oBeginning. : Census 2001 Table 3.Composition of Gr ° ‘ 1h CompositionPopulation addition dming1981-91% of tota cubic decimeter1991-2001% of tota cubic decimeterNatural addition1,6865556.8 %1,6090958.6 %Immigration1,2821243.2 %11378641.4 %Jurisdictional alterationN.AN.AN.AN.AEntire addition296,867100.0 %274,695100.0 %Beginning: Population Research Centre. Vadodara Note: It is weU known that the enrollment of births and deceases is non cent per centum. peculiarly for the earlier period.The estimations are hence capable to completeness of enrollment. Table. .Built-up A rea in tbe Va doda Ra Ta h1kaYea RBuilt up Area ( .i ; q kilometer )Change Built up Area ( sq kilometer )197872.66–1990112.7240.062001158.0945.37 Indian PETROCHEMICALS CORPORATION LIMITED The formation of Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited ( IPCL ) as a populace sector company was a apogee of the thought procedure of the Government on the Industry. The Corporation was incorporated on 22nd March, 1969 as a Company under the Companies Act, 1956 with its registered office at PO Petrochemicals, District Vadodara-391346 Vadodara Urban Development Authority is constituted under the commissariats of the Gujarat town Planning and Urban Development act 1976. Started working from 1st February 1978. The bill of exchange Development program was prepared and published on 17-5-79. Approved by the Government on 22-12-83 and in force from 25-11-84 The Preparation of 1st Development Plan was based on approaching twenty old ages continuance i.e. projected population up to twelvemonth 2000 and their necessities were taken attention. Information on some of the key participants that have made significant investings in Vadodara during the period from 1983 to 2011 is given holla.ALEMBIC-1907GACL- 1973GSFC- 1962IOCL- 1961IPCL- 1969APOLLO TYRES LTD- 1972ASEA BROWN BOVERI LTD- 1949COxygenNorth carolinaLiterUnited statesIONS:The metropolis has witnessed high growing ( 40 % ) from 1981 to 1991. However, it could non keep the impulse of growing ; the growing rate slowed down to 26 % in the last decennary, 1991— 2001.The population registered in 2001 was 13.06 hundred thousand as against 10.31 lakhs 1991.The compounded one-year growing rate ( CAGR ) has been steadily worsening from 4.64 % in 1971- 81 to 3.45 % in 1981-1991, and farther to 2.39 % in 1991-2001.The population in 2005 has been estimated at around 14.69 hundred thousand. The population projection for2011 is estimated around 17.54 hundred thousand and is based on the hypothesis that the metropolis would turn at a changeless rate due to the increasing urba nisation in the province.Entire population and growing rate of population over the last 5 old ages: Population of Vadodara 1,839,428 Year Population ( hundred thousand ) Average one-year growing rate ( % ) 1981 7.34 4.64 % 1991 10.31 3.45 %2001 13.06 2.39 % 2005 ( Estimated ) 14.69 2.99 % 2011 ( Projected ) 17.54 2.99 %The metropolis witnessed a sudden jet in industrial activity with the constitution of the Gujarat refinery in 1962.Assorted large-scale industries such as Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals ( GSFC ) , Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited ( IPCL ) and Gujarat Alkalis and Chemicals Limited ( GACL ) have come up in the locality of the Gujarat Refinery.The constitution of big industrial units in this part has automatically brought into being a figure of smaller endeavors.Several factors like natural stuff handiness, merchandise demand, and adept mobilisation of homo, fiscal and material resources by the authorities and private enterprisers had contributed to Vad odara’s flower as one of India’s foremost industrial Centres.But, with increased competition in the planetary market and failures to get by with the economic impulse, Vadodara’s economic system has slowed down RoentgenTocopherolFERTocopherolNorth carolinaTocopherolSecond:ISBN: 9780978951702(Anjacubic decimeterICalciferolvitamin EsaI)ISBN:25301357(LLCBacillusOOklahomas)ISBN 978-0-86132-214-5(FatesiNghouravitamin DTabunvitamin Ekilowattavitamin D)i? ¶iˆ vadodara-101208075231-phpapp02hypertext transfer protocol: //www.baroda.com/aboutvadodara.phpinterim_may2k6 – pdf08_chapter 4 – pdf